#ANTETYPE ANTITYPE CODE#

Alivotype A live type (requires special storage and handling). A wild form considered the ancestor of a domestic form. Aedeotype The first specimen of a species to have the genitalia studied, together with the genital preparation (syn: holoaedeotype pareвЂ“aedeotype). Adelfotype A topotype obtained by the original collector of the species specimens from the type locality collected by the original collector (but not of the original type series). 41-Evenhuis: Compendium of Type Nomenclature 2 LIST OF TYPE TERMINOLOGY Abruptotype Type of a taxon hastily described to meet a project, grant, or publication deadline. For those terms without published references, these have accumulated from list provided to me by colleagues, my own experiences (usually obtaining them at lectures or meeting presentations). Numbers in square brackets following the definition correspond to the references at the end. Variant spellings of the term are listed in italics following the definition. Synonyms follow the definition and are placed in boldface. Cross references in the definition to other terms in this list are placed in boldface. If there is more than one definition for that term, the definitions are placed in order of most frequent usage.

In the list below, the terms are listed alphabetically and followed by the definition. This compendium attempts to list all of the published and unpublished type terminology that I have encountered in providing a historical context to the hobby of coining type terms.

#ANTETYPE ANTITYPE CODE#

Aside from the terminology governed by the ICZN Code (i.e., holotype, paratype, lectotype, syntype, neotype, ischnotype, etc.) for just about every kind of activity or specimens, a certain вЂњtypeвЂќ has been defined and given a term. Ever since zoological nomenclature became codified, taxonomists have been creative in their attempts to coin terms for the different array of вЂњtypesвЂќ they encountered. Then, I will present a suggestion concerning typology that might help clarify what the Beowulf poet is doing with his culture-hero Beowulf, namely, that Beowulf is being presented an a pagan antetype of Christ in an epic Anglo-Saxon praeparatio evangelium.A synthesis of the various terms used in type nomenclature obtained from numerous sources is presented and annotated. Rather, my article will note some of the problems posed for a Christian interpretation, along with some of the plausible responses by a few other scholars. This article will not attempt to persuade other scholars to adopt a minimalist criteria as methodological assumption because such is not essential for my argument.

Methodologically, I lean toward minimal criteria, but we shall see whether Beowulf can satisfy minimal, maximal, or medial criteria. Some scholars, though, would likely prefer strongly maximal criteria, requiring the explicit presence of central Christian themes, e.g., reference to ChristвЂ™s sacrifice. As minimal criteria, a poem would have to come from the hand of a Christian author and embody arguably Christian motifs to be called Christian. Is Bloom right? Are Christian readings, despite general scholarly agreement, desperate? How are we to resolve this? I think that we can concur with Bloom that we should not call вЂњa poem Christian only because it undoubtedly was written by a ChristianвЂќ (Bloom, вЂњIntroductionвЂќ 4). Even the best of attempts to find in Beowulf a hero of Christian values strikes Bloom as possessing вЂњa fine desperationвЂќ (Bloom, вЂњIntroductionвЂќ 3). He then quickly answers his own question: вЂњNo one reading the poem would find Beowulf to be a particularly Christian heroвЂќ because вЂњis glory has little to do with worship, unless it be justified self-worshipвЂќ (Bloom, вЂњIntroductionвЂќ 2). вЂњCan there be Christianity,вЂќ he asks, вЂњwithout the figure of Jesus Christ, without the presence of the New Testament?вЂќ (Bloom, вЂњIntroductionвЂќ 1). In his 1987 вЂњIntroductionвЂќ to modern critical interpretations of Beowulf, the influential critic Harold Bloom still expresses doubts that the poem can be called a вЂњChristianвЂќ one. Some have suggested Christian-pagan syncretism. The poet was surely a Christian, but the poem depicts a pagan society, so what sort of religion is being expressed? Most recent scholars have argued for a Christian reading, but others still hold out for a pagan one. The Old English epic poem Beowulf poses something of an enigma for scholars.

Medieval and Early Modern English Studies, vol. Praeparatio Evangelium: Beowulf as Antetype of Christ

Antetype antitype